Because virtually all commentators are correct and in agreement in this section, this section is as easy as filling in the historical blanks.
In chapter 11, the Sar, who is the colleague of Mikhaeil (11.21), is surmised to be Ja•vәr•i•eil.
At some point after 11.21, virtually all commentators agree that the description changes from past history to future events. Exactly where this change from past to future occurs is the point of controversy.
Beginning with verse 31 (v. 21 according to Rash′ "i) all of the Jewish commentators agree that the description is of the Roman Empire. There is virtually no disagreement prior to verse 21 nor after verse 31 in this matter. Precisely when, between verse 21 and 31, the transition moves from the description of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Kha•nuk•âh′ account to the Roman Empire is a pedantic distinction having no effect upon interpretations subsequent to verse 31. We will attempt, therefore, to provide the potential interpretations of verses 21-31 as a transition section which may describe both the Khash•mon•â•im′ era (Antiochus IV and Kha•nuk•âh′ ) and the Roman era. Like verses 21-31, each of these eras, in certain respects, adumbrates the future end time.
11.31 is a pivotal verse which definitely refers to Antiochus Epiphanes and fixes the passages before and after with respect to the termination of the daily sacrifices. Thus, any identifications and correlations must harmonize in each direction from this 11.31.
The following is not a translation but rather a combination of translation and inserted interpretations for ease of reading.
The tight correspondence between prophecy and the historical record leaves no room for doubt that these prophecies match this period of history.
Beginning at Dân•i•eil′ 11.2, Ja•vәr•i•eil is speaking:
11.2 And now I will announce ë•mët′ to you. Behold, three more [Persian] kings standing for Iran, and [separately/later] a fourth [king] shall amass wealth greater than any of them; and when he has strengthened himself with his wealth he will arouse everyone against the kingdom of Greece. 3 Then a heroic king, will stand and he shall rule a great rule and do as he pleases. 4 And when he has stood, his kingdom shall be broken and divided to the four winds of the heavens, but not to his successors, and not like his rule that he ruled. Because his kingdom shall be uprooted and be for others [of the four winds] besides these.
5 The king of [Egypt] shall grow stronger—and he, shall be from among the noblemen [of Alexander the Great]. But another will become stronger than him and he shall rule—a great rule shall be his rule. 6 And toward the קץ of years they shall join together. And the daughter of the king of [Egypt] shall wed the king of [Syria] to effect a solution. But she will not be able to constrain the power of the arm nor will he nor his arm stand. And she will be [poisoned with Antiochus] along with those who had brought her—her sire and anyone who lent strength to her in those times.
7 A sprig from her root, shall stand on his pedestal. He will come to the soldiery and come into the [Seleucian-Macedonian Greek] fortress of the king of [Macedonian-Greek-Seleucia] and engage them and seize them 8 along with their gods, with their princes, with their precious utensils [i.e. idols] of silver and gold. He will bring them in captivity to Egypt and he will stand for years against the king of [Syria]. 9 Then he will come to the kingdom of the king of [Egypt] but will be forced to return to his own land.
10 The sons of the [Syrian] king, will stir themselves up and gather a multitude of great armies. One will come on strong, flushing [those in his way] and he will pass through.
11 Then the king [of Egypt] will become embittered and go out to war with him, with the king of [Syria]. He will muster a great multitude and a multitude will be delivered into his hand. 12 The hearts of the multitude will be carried high and will fell myriads but, [afterward] he will not replenish [his forces].
13 Then the king of [Syria] shall return and cause a multitude to stand which is greater than the first one. Toward the קץ of the עִתִּים of years he will come on strong with a great army and with vast capital wealth. 14 And many will stand against the king of [Egypt] in those עִתִּים. Then the sons of the breachers [of Tor•âh′ ] of your kindred, who will bear upon themselves to stand up a vision, will stumble.
15 The king [of Syria] will come and pour a siege-mound and will capture the fortified city, and the arms of [Egypt, who rivaled Syria for control of Israel] will not stand. Nor will His chosen kindred will have the power to stand. 16 He who is coming will do to it as he wishes and none will stand before him. He will stand in the desired land and, by his hand, he shall end [his conquest of the land]. 17 Then he shall set his face to come in the force of all of his kingdom, and negotiate straight-ways with him, and he will do it. And he will give to him the daughter of the women to corrupt her, but it won't stand and she won't be on his side. 18 Then he will turn his face toward the [Aegean] islands and capture many, but an officer will put his taunting to rest. Strictly due to his taunting will he turn on him. 19 And he will return his face toward the fortresses of his homeland but he will stumble and fall and not be found.
20 Then one will stand on his pedestal and the [biggest official] majesty of his kingdom will be the [tax] prosecutor passing through it. And in several years he will be broken, but not in anger nor in war.
21 Upon his pedestal will arise a despised-one, upon whom they have not conferred the regality of kingship. He will come in tranquility and will seize the throne through smooth talk. 22 Before him the arms that flush away shall be flushed away and broken, and along with them the co-signator of the peace agreement with him, as well.
23 Out of an association with him, he will do deceit and rise up and grow powerful among a few goy•im′ . 24 In tranquility he will come into the fat parts of the country and do what neither his fathers and forefathers did. He will strew among them booty, spoils and capital goods; and he will ponder over fortifications until the עִתִּים.
25 He will arouse his force and his heart against the king of [Egypt] with a great army; and the king of [Egypt] will be provoked to war by a great and exceedingly powerful army, but he will not withstand, for some will conspire conspiracies against him, 26 when those who eat his rations will break him and he will flush away his army and many shall fall mortally wounded.
27 And the hearts of two kings, will be to do evil. At one table they will give voice to a lie but it will not succeed because there is another קץ before the מוֹעֵד. 28 He will return with great capital goods and with his heart set against the holy bәrit Qo′ dësh. And he will do it and return to [Syria].
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